A personal data refers to any information relating to a natural person, leading to his or her identification, directly or indirectly. First name, last name, social security number, address... But also any data that should be confidential because it reveals a person's private life, such as their political or religious beliefs, personal relationships, or consumer habits.
Our project started upon an observation : Europe has missed out on the data market, to the benefit of GAFAM and BATX. The European Union showed a political will to regain control over the data of its citizens, through legislative initiatives such as the GDPR, or through investment funds such as NGI_TRUST or DAPSI. However, as of today, we yet lack the technical means to limit their leak abroad. This is why PyGuard pledged in the protection and sovereignty of our personal data.
Our behavior is analyzed, and it becomes easy to know our habits, our tastes, our sexual orientation, and our political or religious beliefs.
In our news feeds, « fake news », ads and sponsored content are customized to influence best our opinions and actions, whether we are shopping or voting at a polling station.
When our personal data is easily accessible, our identity can easily be hijacked or diverted by someone with a malicious intent.
Ownership of our personal data is no longer vested in us, and our data are used without our consent.
Our online activity leaves a permanent digital mark that we no longer control and could harm us.
We may be the victim of online scams or fraudulent transactions from malicious websites imitating a trusted company.
The direct sale of data
by companies is estimated to
7 billion dollars
As to the personal data
market, it is estimated to
200 billions euros
Source
Facebook claims that its
2 billion users
earnt it in average in 2018
22€ each
The french digital
data market amounts to
6 Bn € of
net revenue
Source
Between 2018 and 2019, attacks
against connected devices were
multiply by 9
going from 12m cyberattacks to
105 million in 6 months
Source
Geolocation trackers, generally for
advertising,
have been found on about
75% of apps
Source
The number of scandals related to our personal data is accelerating. Democratic abuse, mass surveillance, exploitation of citizens medical records... We are moving towards a world of standardization, where our every move will be quantified and analyzed, and where our machines will tell us what to think, what to buy, what to do and who to vote for.
Cambridge Analytica is a data analysis firm that worked on the Trump campaign in 2016. The company established psychological profiles based on the personal data of millions of American citizens from facebook, to deliver targeted sponsored content to voters identified as undecided, in order to sway their vote.
Edward Snowden is a whistleblower who exposed in 2013 the mass surveillance abuse of the CIA and the NSA through their system called PRISM. It was thus revealed that the American government could access emails, phone calls and other personal data hosted by the American Tech Giants.
Experimented since 2014, this system scores Chinese citizens based on video surveillance analysis, facial recognition and personal data. Giving blood and paying bills on time earns good points, while being identified as a bad citizen gives penalties, up to being banned from using public transportation.
Google has been exposed for collecting health data and purchasing medical records of US citizens. This data represents a risk, as it could be cross-referenced with symptom-related searches made through their search engine, as well as data collected by the company Fitbit, which was acquired at the end of 2019.
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